How to keep two hamsters in one cage

Hamsters make delightful pets with their small size and playful personalities. However, housing two hamsters in the same cage can be tricky, as they tend to be territorial. Without the proper setup and approach, two hamsters may become stressed or even aggressive. Nevertheless, certain types of hamsters can coexist peacefully if introduced carefully. This guide covers the steps to successfully house two hamsters together in one cage.

1. Choose a Compatible Hamster Species

Not all hamster species can live together. Syrian hamsters, the most popular pet variety, are highly territorial and should always live alone. However, certain dwarf hamster species, like Roborovski, Campbell’s, and Winter White hamsters, are more social and may live harmoniously in pairs or small groups if properly introduced. Remember, though, that even among social hamsters, there are no guarantees of compatibility due to individual personality differences.

2. Introduce Them While They’re Young

Introducing hamsters at a young age helps improve their chances of living together peacefully. Young hamsters that grow up together are more likely to accept each other and form a social hierarchy. Ideally, the introduction should happen before they reach sexual maturity (around 6-8 weeks for dwarf hamsters). For same-sex pairs, it’s best to choose two females or two males to avoid the complications of breeding and reduce the chance of territorial behavior.

3. Provide a Large Cage

A spacious cage is essential for keeping two hamsters together without conflict. While a single hamster might be comfortable in a smaller cage, two hamsters need ample space to avoid feeling crowded, which can lead to territorial disputes. A cage for two dwarf hamsters should be at least:

• 40 inches (100 cm) in length,
• 20 inches (50 cm) in width, with
• multiple levels or areas for exploring, hiding, and digging.

The bigger the cage, the better, as it allows each hamster to have their own territory, reducing stress and the likelihood of squabbles.

4. Create Separate Hiding and Sleeping Areas

Even hamsters that can share a cage prefer their own private spaces. Place hiding spots and nesting areas in opposite ends of the cage so that each hamster can retreat when needed. You can use small huts, wooden boxes, or similar items to create these spaces. Separating these areas allows each hamster to have a "personal space" for sleeping or relaxing away from its cage mate.

5. Duplicate Essential Supplies

To avoid competition and reduce the risk of conflict, ensure each hamster has their own essentials, such as:

• A food bowl
• A water bottle
• An exercise wheel
• Toys and enrichment items

Providing duplicate supplies allows each hamster access to resources without having to share, which helps minimize disputes over food, water, or exercise equipment.

6. Watch for Aggression

Hamsters can be quite subtle with their interactions, so it’s important to watch for any signs of aggression, particularly in the early days. Warning signs of potential conflict include:

• Chasing or cornering
• Loud squeaks, squeals, or hissing
• Biting or attempts to harm each other
• Fur loss or injuries

If you observe these behaviors, consider separating the hamsters to prevent injury. While some mild squeaking and chasing can be normal as they establish dominance, persistent aggressive behavior is a sign that they may need to be housed separately.

7. Familiarize Them with Each Other’s Scent

Because hamsters rely heavily on scent, unfamiliar smells can stress them. Before placing two hamsters in the same cage, exchange small bedding items from each cage to help them recognize each other’s scent. Then, when you’re ready to introduce them to the same cage, thoroughly clean the cage to remove any scent markers. This will create a "neutral" environment, allowing each hamster to explore without feeling like an intruder in another hamster’s territory.

8. Provide Enrichment to Prevent Boredom

Boredom can sometimes lead to aggressive behavior, so adding various enrichment items helps keep your hamsters occupied and less likely to clash. Consider adding:

• Separate exercise wheels
• Tunnels, mazes, and tubes
• Wooden chews and gnawing toys
• Digging areas with different bedding types

Providing toys and enrichment gives them ways to explore and burn energy, helping to prevent tension between cage mates.

9. Have a Backup Cage Ready

Despite your best efforts, some hamsters simply prefer living alone. If disputes continue despite all precautions, it’s best to separate the hamsters permanently for their well-being. Having a second cage on hand allows you to quickly and easily separate them, reducing stress for both the hamsters and yourself.

10. Check for Health Issues Regularly

Living with another hamster can expose them to health risks, especially if fights occur. Conduct regular health checks to look for signs of injury, changes in eating habits, or any signs of illness. If a hamster is eating less or appears withdrawn, it could be a sign of stress due to its cage mate.

       While it’s possible to keep two hamsters in one cage, it requires careful planning and attention. Choose compatible hamster species, provide plenty of space, and monitor their interactions closely. When done correctly, cohabitating hamsters can thrive together. However, always prioritize their safety and well-being. If conflicts arise, don’t hesitate to separate them for their own health and happiness.